NICS Background Check Disclaimer: This article provides educational information only and is not legal advice. Consult qualified legal counsel for specific situations. Why it matters: Every time you buy a gun from a dealer, you're running this FBI gauntlet—and understanding how it works can save you time, frustration, and potential legal headaches down the road. The National Instant Criminal Background Check System is the FBI's way of checking whether you're legally allowed to buy firearms. When you walk into any gun store and want to buy a gun, the dealer calls NICS to make sure you're not a prohibited person. Been doing this dance since 1998. Most checks take a few minutes, some take three business days if they need to dig deeper. And no—despite what your paranoid uncle says—NICS isn't tracking what guns you buy. It's just a database of people who can't have them. The legal reality: Federal law requires NICS checks for every purchase from a licensed dealer, period. Records of approved checks must be destroyed within 24 hours—that's not optional, that's the law. Here's what happens when you decide you need that new rifle. You fill out Form 4473, the dealer contacts NICS with your info, and they search three main databases: Criminal records from the Interstate Identification Index National Crime Information Center data NICS Index of prohibited persons They're looking for anything that disqualifies you—felonies, domestic violence convictions, restraining orders, mental health adjudications, dishonorable discharges, immigration issues. The usual suspects that make you a prohibited person under federal law. What this means for you: You'll get one of three responses, and each one changes what happens next. "Proceed" means you're good to go—no disqualifying records found. This is what happens most of the time if you're a law-abiding citizen. "Denied" means something in your background prohibits you from buying firearms. Sale stops right there. "Delayed" is the frustrating middle ground. They found something that needs more research. NICS gets three business days to figure it out. Between the lines: That three-day rule everyone talks about? After three business days, the dealer can proceed with the sale at their discretion—but they don't have to. Some dealers won't touch a delayed check even after the waiting period. Their shop, their rules. State Variations Matter Some states run their own background check systems instead of using NICS directly. These "point of contact" states might have additional state-level prohibitions beyond federal requirements. From your perspective, the process looks the same. Fill out the form, wait for the check, get your answer. But the databases they're searching might be different. The legal reality: Private sales between individuals aren't subject to federal NICS requirements—but many states have their own laws requiring background checks for private sales. Know your state's rules. Getting Through Faster Bring proper ID—government-issued photo identification. Provide your Social Security number on the 4473 even though it's technically optional. Why? Because the system uses name-based matching, and if you share a name with a prohibited person, that SSN helps sort out the confusion. I've seen guys delayed for hours because they have the same name as some felon in another state. Don't be that guy if you can avoid it. What this means for you: If you get denied and think it's wrong, you can appeal through the NICS Appeals process. Takes months, requires fingerprints and documentation, but it works if you're actually eligible. Common Myths That Need Killing People think NICS is a gun registry tracking their purchases. Wrong. It tracks prohibited persons, not firearms, and approved records get destroyed within 24 hours. Others think one background check covers them forever. Also wrong. Every purchase from a dealer requires a separate check, with limited exceptions for valid carry permits in certain states. The bottom line: NICS isn't going away, and fighting it won't help you buy guns faster. Understand the system, come prepared with proper documentation, and be patient when delays happen—they usually resolve in your favor. What's next: If you're planning multiple purchases or dealing with frequent delays, consider getting issues resolved through the appeals process. Clean record today prevents headaches tomorrow. Last Updated: 2026-01-15 See Also Federal Prohibited Persons ATF Form 4473 Requirements FFL Transfers Required Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion Have you ever had a delay or issue come up during a NICS check, and if so, how did you handle it?

Texas GOP Proposes Constitutional Carry Expansion Gun Owners of America Texas has proposed five Second Amendment resolutions for the 2026 Republican Party of Texas platform, pushing to expand constitutional carry rights and strengthen self-defense protections. The proposals target age restrictions that federal courts have already ruled unconstitutional, along with gaps in Texas self-defense law that leave justified defenders vulnerable to prosecution and civil lawsuits. Why it matters: These platform planks could drive the 2025 legislative agenda if adopted, potentially making Texas the most gun-friendly state in the nation. The proposals build on momentum from recent legislative wins, including new laws that took effect January 1st allowing short-barrel firearms and banning red flag orders. GOA Texas is leveraging successful court challenges like Andrews v. McCraw to push lawmakers beyond incremental reforms. The big picture: The proposed changes reflect a coordinated strategy to align Texas law with recent federal court rulings on Second Amendment rights. Federal courts have repeatedly struck down age-based restrictions on carry rights for adults 18-20. Current Texas law still contains the unconstitutional provisions, creating confusion for law enforcement and legal gun owners. What they're proposing: The five resolutions cover constitutional carry expansion, self-defense protections, and civil immunity reforms. Age equality: Allow adults 18-20 to carry handguns and obtain licenses, matching rights already recognized by federal courts. Pre-trial hearings: Create a mechanism for justified defenders to assert self-defense claims before trial, rather than waiting months or years. Civil immunity: Provide presumptive immunity and attorney fee recovery for cleared defenders facing frivolous lawsuits. Expanded justification: Allow force or deadly force to prevent any violent felony, not just current enumerated crimes. Threat defense: Protect licensed carriers who display weapons to deter unlawful force from aggravated assault charges. Between the lines: The timing isn't coincidental—these proposals come as Texas lawmakers have already passed several pro-gun bills in recent sessions. Senate Bill 1362 banned enforcement of out-of-state red flag orders, making it a felony for officials to confiscate guns under civil protection orders. Senate Bill 1596 eliminated state penalties for owning unregistered short-barrel rifles and shotguns. Senate Bill 3053 completely banned local gun buyback programs. The self-defense gap: Current Texas law leaves justified defenders vulnerable even when they act lawfully. No pre-trial relief exists for self-defense claims, forcing innocent people through months of expensive litigation. Civil immunity provisions are weak, failing to deter frivolous lawsuits against justified defenders. Aggravated assault charges can still stick when someone displays a weapon to deter a threat, even if the threat would justify deadly force. What's already changed: Recent legislative sessions have steadily expanded gun rights while blocking new restrictions. House Bill 668 extended handgun license renewal deadlines to reduce administrative burdens. House Bill 1234 created an appeal process for medical denials of carry licenses. Senate Bill 706 established reciprocity with other states' carry permits. House Bill 1403 protected foster families from having to disclose firearm specifics to placement agencies. House Bill 1794 eliminated the ban on carrying at polling places during elections. By the numbers: Texas continues moving away from gun restrictions despite national trends. 21 states have red flag laws—Texas now explicitly bans them and makes enforcement a felony. Adults 18-20 can legally carry in Texas under constitutional carry, but still can't get licenses due to outdated statutes. $442 million in local tax revenue will be lost from business inventory exemptions—part of the broader deregulation push. What this means for you: If adopted, these platform planks would likely drive legislative priorities for the next session. Young adults would gain full carry rights with licensing options for reciprocity. Self-defense cases would get faster resolution through pre-trial hearings. Civil lawsuits against justified defenders would face stronger deterrents. Violent crime victims would have clearer legal protection when using force. The bottom line: Texas Republicans are positioning the state as the national leader on Second Amendment rights, using court victories to push beyond traditional legislative incrementalism. Go deeper: GOA Texas proposed platform resolutions Texas Tribune coverage of recent gun legislation NRA-ILA analysis of Texas House bills Overview of new Texas laws taking effect Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion If constitutional carry does get expanded to 18-year-olds in Texas, do you think that's the right move, or are there practical training/safety concerns worth considering at that age?

Heritage & History Gander Outdoors is an American outdoor sporting goods retailer that emerged from the bankruptcy acquisition of the former Gander Mountain chain. Now operating under Camping World Holdings (CEO Marcus Lemonis), the brand has undergone a fundamental transformation — exiting the firearms business entirely in 2021 and pivoting to camping, fishing, and RV accessories. :::callout The Gander story is a cautionary tale for the firearms retail industry. Gander Mountain was a legitimate firearms destination for decades — large gun departments, indoor ranges, extensive ammo inventory. After bankruptcy in 2017 and acquisition by Camping World, the brand was gradually stripped of its firearms identity until the gun departments were eliminated entirely in 2021. ::: Key milestones: 1960 — Gander Mountain founded in Wilmot, Wisconsin; catalog-based hunting/outdoor retailer 1990s-2000s — Expanded to large-format stores nationwide; major firearms retailer 2017 (March) — Chapter 11 bankruptcy filed 2017 (May) — Camping World acquires assets for ~$35 million; rebrands to "Gander Outdoors" 2018-2019 — Significant store closures; reduced firearms inventory 2021 — Exits firearms retail entirely; removes all gun departments Present — Operates as camping/fishing/RV retailer under Camping World umbrella Era Identity Firearms Role Gander Mountain (1960-2017) Hunting and outdoor destination Core business — extensive gun departments Early Gander Outdoors (2017-2021) Transitional outdoor retailer Reduced but present Current Gander Outdoors (2021+) Camping/fishing/RV retailer None — completely exited firearms Shopping Guide Gander Outdoors stores now focus on camping, fishing, and outdoor recreation — not firearms: Department What to Expect Notes Camping Tents, sleeping bags, camp furniture, cooking Coleman, Kelty, MSR, Big Agnes Fishing Rods, reels, tackle, kayaks Abu Garcia, Penn, Shimano, Ugly Stik Outdoor apparel Hiking, camping, casual outdoor Columbia, North Face, Carhartt RV accessories Parts, hitches, electrical, maintenance Camping World integration Footwear Hiking boots, work boots, casual outdoor Reduced hunting boot selection Firearms None Eliminated in 2021 Store format: 40,000-80,000 sq ft (varies significantly) Some locations co-located with Camping World RV dealerships Inventory levels and store conditions are inconsistent Online ordering available but e-commerce platform has technical limitations :::callout For firearms buyers, Gander Outdoors is no longer relevant. The company exited firearms retail entirely in 2021. If you're looking for the experience that Gander Mountain once provided, the closest equivalents are Sportsman's Warehouse, Bass Pro Shops/Cabela's, or Scheels. Some former Gander Mountain locations were acquired directly by Sportsman's Warehouse. ::: Customer experience: Reviews are mixed (many 1-2 star ratings on Trustpilot) Inconsistent inventory — some locations appear understocked Service quality varies significantly by location Longtime Gander Mountain customers are generally disappointed Stronger in camping/fishing than in overall retail experience Firearms Department Gander Outdoors no longer sells firearms, ammunition, or firearms accessories. The company eliminated all gun departments in 2021, citing changing business priorities. This was a complete exit — not a reduction: What Was Removed Former Offering Long guns Hunting rifles, shotguns (Remington, Winchester, Savage, Ruger) Handguns Concealed carry, target, revolvers (Glock, S&W, Sig, Ruger) MSRs AR-pattern rifles Ammunition All calibers Reloading Components and equipment Gun safes Budget to mid-range Indoor ranges Some locations had shooting ranges (e.g., Lake Mary, FL) Why it matters to the firearms community: Gander Mountain was a major firearms retailer for decades The bankruptcy and acquisition by a non-firearms company (Camping World) led to gradual decline Many firearms customers feel the brand was gutted of its identity Online forums show widespread disappointment and refusal to shop at remaining stores :::callout The Lake Mary, FL flagship was once Gander Mountain's crown jewel — indoor ranges, 360-degree shooting simulators, comprehensive training programs. Its transformation under Gander Outdoors represents the brand's complete departure from its firearms heritage. ::: Store Locations Gander Outdoors operates significantly fewer locations than the former Gander Mountain chain: Region Status Notes Florida Select locations Lake Mary flagship store (transformed) Wisconsin Select locations Original Gander Mountain home territory Minnesota Select locations Some closed; some converted by competitors Iowa Select locations Reduced presence Pennsylvania Select locations Scattered Other states Minimal Many locations closed permanently Key changes from Gander Mountain era: Dramatically reduced total store count Many former locations acquired by Sportsman's Warehouse Some locations converted to other retailers entirely Remaining stores often co-located with Camping World No new store expansion plans announced Where former Gander Mountain customers should shop instead: Alternative Firearms Camping/Fishing Why Consider Sportsman's Warehouse Excellent Good Most direct successor; acquired some GM locations Bass Pro / Cabela's Excellent Excellent Largest selection; destination stores Scheels Excellent Good Premium experience; 15 states Academy Sports Good Good Value pricing; expanding nationally Local gun shops Varies Limited Best expertise; support local business References Gander Outdoors official site: ganderoutdoors.com Reddit r/Firearms: "Gander Outdoors removed their entire firearms" discussion Accurate Shooter forum: industry analysis Athlon Outdoors: Gander Outdoors operational updates Consumer review sites: Trustpilot, Yelp, PissedConsumer Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion Did anyone here shop at the original Gander Mountain before they shut down, and how do you feel about the rebranded Gander Outdoors dropping firearms altogether?

Heritage & History Sturm, Ruger & Co. is one of the largest American firearms manufacturers, publicly traded on the NYSE (RGR), producing over two million firearms annually. Founded in 1949 by William B. Ruger and Alexander McCormick Sturm in Southport, Connecticut, Ruger manufactures pistols, revolvers, rifles, and shotguns across virtually every category. Ruger is a SAAMI member. :::callout Ruger is the firearms industry's Toyota — reliable, affordable, well-engineered, and available everywhere. The 10/22 has taught more Americans to shoot than any other rifle. The Mark series has been the default .22 pistol for 75 years. The GP100 is the revolver that just won't quit. Ruger's genius isn't making the fanciest gun in any category — it's making the best gun at the price point where most people actually buy. ::: Key milestones: 1949 — Founded by Bill Ruger and Alex Sturm; Standard .22 pistol launches 1951 — Alex Sturm dies at 28; Ruger continues alone 1953 — Single-Six revolver introduced 1964 — 10/22 rifle launched (becomes one of the best-selling rifles ever) 1969 — Company goes public (NYSE: RGR) 1973 — Mini-14 rifle introduced 1990s — Controversy: Bill Ruger supports magazine capacity limits; boycotts follow 2002 — Bill Ruger dies; new leadership rebuilds community relations 2010s-20s — Massive expansion: LCP, SR series, Precision Rifle, LC Carbine, Security-9, MAX-9 Present — SAAMI member; factories in NH, NC, AZ; 2M+ firearms/year Product Lines Rimfire (Ruger's foundation): Model Type Caliber Price Notes 10/22 Semi-auto rifle .22 LR ~$280-$450 Best-selling .22 rifle ever; massive aftermarket 10/22 Takedown Semi-auto rifle (compact) .22 LR ~$400-$500 Breaks down for transport; backpacker favorite Mark IV Semi-auto pistol .22 LR ~$300-$600 One-button takedown; 75-year lineage Wrangler SA revolver .22 LR ~$200 Budget single-action; cowboy style :::callout The 10/22 is the most customizable rifle in existence. Ruger designed it with a simple, modular platform that the aftermarket has turned into a playground. You can build a 10/22 into a lightweight plinker, a precision bench rifle, a suppressor host, or a competition machine — all starting from a $280 receiver. No other .22 rifle has this depth of parts, triggers, stocks, and barrels available. ::: Centerfire handguns: Model Type Caliber Price Best For Security-9 Striker-fired 9mm ~$350-$400 Budget concealed carry / home defense MAX-9 Micro-compact 9mm ~$400-$450 Deep concealment; 12+1 capacity LCP MAX Pocket pistol .380 ACP ~$350 Smallest Ruger carry gun; 10+1 SR1911 1911 .45 ACP / 9mm ~$800-$1,000 Affordable 1911 with Ruger reliability -57 Full-size 5.7x28mm ~$700 Budget FN Five-seveN alternative Revolvers: Model Frame Caliber Price Notes GP100 Medium-large .357 Mag ~$700-$800 Tank-like durability; the revolver that never breaks SP101 Compact .357 Mag ~$650-$750 Carry .357; built like a vault LCR Ultralight .38/.357/.327 ~$500-$600 Polymer frame; smoothest DA trigger in class Super Redhawk Large .44 Mag / .454 Casull ~$1,000-$1,200 Hunting revolver; scope-ready Blackhawk Single-action .357/.44/.45 ~$600-$700 Classic SA revolver; transfer bar safety Centerfire rifles: Model Type Caliber Range Price Best For American Rifle Bolt-action .22-250 to .450 BM ~$450-$600 Best budget hunting rifle; adjustable trigger American Predator Bolt-action 6.5 CM, .308, etc. ~$500-$550 Budget precision; threaded barrel Precision Rifle (RPR) Chassis bolt-action 6.5 CM, .308, .300 WM ~$1,400-$1,600 Budget PRS/precision; folding stock Mini-14 Semi-auto .223/5.56 ~$900-$1,000 M14-style; wood or tactical PC Carbine Pistol-caliber carbine 9mm / .40 ~$600-$700 Takes Glock or Ruger mags; takedown LC Carbine Pistol-caliber carbine 5.7x28mm ~$700 Shares mags with Ruger-57 Scout Rifle Bolt-action .308, .350 Legend ~$1,000 Jeff Cooper scout concept; forward scope rail Shotguns: Model Type Price Notes Red Label (discontinued) O/U Used ~$800-$1,200 Ruger's only O/U; investment-cast receiver Innovation & Technology Innovation Product Impact Investment casting All Ruger firearms Revolutionized firearms manufacturing; complex shapes at lower cost Rotary magazine 10/22 Eliminated .22 LR feeding issues common in box magazines Transfer bar safety All Ruger revolvers Drop-safe while maintaining traditional SA/DA operation One-button takedown Mark IV Solved the notoriously difficult Mark I/II/III disassembly Precision Rifle platform RPR Democratized chassis rifle; sub-$1,500 PRS entry LC Carbine/Ruger-57 ecosystem LC Carbine, Ruger-57 Shared magazines across rifle and pistol platforms Proprietary cartridges .480 Ruger, .375 Ruger .375 Ruger matches .375 H&H in standard-length action Ruger American vs. budget bolt-action competitors: Feature Ruger American Savage Axis II Mossberg Patriot Tikka T3x Lite Price ~$450-$600 ~$350-$450 ~$350-$500 ~$700-$850 Trigger Marksman adjustable (good) AccuTrigger (excellent) LBA adjustable (good) Single-stage (excellent) Accuracy Very good Good Good Excellent Magazine Rotary flush-mount Detachable box Detachable box Detachable box Stock quality Basic synthetic Basic synthetic Basic synthetic Better synthetic Aftermarket Good Very good Limited Good Community & Reputation Segment Reputation Notes First-time buyers Default recommendation 10/22, Mark IV, Security-9 are "first gun" staples Hunters (budget) Strong American Rifle is the budget hunting rifle to beat Precision shooters Growing RPR brought Ruger into PRS/precision at budget prices Revolver enthusiasts Excellent GP100 and SP101 are built-to-last legends Rimfire enthusiasts Dominant 10/22 and Mark IV own this category Collectors Moderate Some models appreciate (old Blackhawks, Red Labels) Common praise: Value for money is consistently excellent across the entire lineup 10/22 is the greatest .22 rifle ever made (and most customizable) GP100 is the revolver that never breaks — Ruger overbuilds revolvers Customer service is genuinely excellent — quick turnaround, free repairs Mark IV one-button takedown finally fixed the worst design flaw in rimfire history RPR democratized precision rifle shooting at sub-$1,500 Common criticism: Fit and finish is utilitarian, not premium (tool marks, rough edges on budget models) Triggers are adequate, not great (RPR is the exception) Mini-14 accuracy is inconsistent rifle-to-rifle 1990s Bill Ruger magazine ban comments still alienate some buyers Some models have mediocre factory sights Ruger doesn't do "premium" — if you want Wilson Combat quality, look elsewhere Buyer's Guide If You Want... Get This Why First rifle (.22) 10/22 (~$280) The default answer for a reason; endless upgrades later First pistol (.22) Mark IV (~$400) 75 years of proven design; one-button takedown Budget carry gun MAX-9 (~$400) Micro-compact 9mm; 12+1; competitive with Sig P365 Pocket pistol LCP MAX (~$350) .380 ACP; 10+1 in a pocket-sized package Budget hunting rifle American Rifle (~$500) Adjustable trigger; wide caliber selection; hard to beat Budget precision rifle Ruger Precision Rifle (~$1,500) Chassis rifle; folding stock; PRS entry-level king Indestructible revolver GP100 (~$750) Overbuilt .357; will outlast you Carry revolver LCR (~$550) Lightest, smoothest DA trigger in its class Home defense rifle (9mm) PC Carbine (~$650) Takes Glock mags; takedown; suppressor-ready 1911 (affordable) SR1911 (~$900) Ruger quality + 1911 platform; underrated :::callout Bottom line: Ruger is the most important firearms company most gun snobs underestimate. They don't make the fanciest anything — but they make the best version of almost everything at the price where normal people buy. The 10/22 is the greatest .22 ever. The GP100 is the toughest revolver made. The American Rifle is the best budget bolt gun. The RPR brought precision shooting to the masses. And Ruger's customer service actually answers the phone and fixes things for free. If you can only own guns from one manufacturer, Ruger covers more bases for less money than anyone else. ::: References Ruger official site: ruger.com American Rifleman: Sturm, Ruger & Co. history Ruger corporate: Annual reports and product catalog Pew Pew Tactical: Ruger product reviews Rimfire Central forum: 10/22 and Mark IV communities Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion Which Ruger platform do you keep coming back to, and what is it about that gun that makes it your reliable choice over other brands?

Texas Constitutional Carry (Permitless Carry) This article provides educational information only and should not be considered legal advice. Always consult with a qualified attorney for legal questions. Why it matters: As of September 1, 2021, any law-abiding Texan 21 or older can carry a handgun without jumping through the government's licensing hoops first. That's a big change from the old days when you needed permission slips to exercise your rights. House Bill 1927 didn't kill the License to Carry system—it just made it optional for basic carry. Think of it as removing the paywall from constitutional rights. The legal reality: You still need to be 21, still can't be a prohibited person, and all the same no-go zones apply. Federal law trumps everything, so if you can't legally own a gun, you can't carry one either. The law covers handguns only. Long guns have their own rules that didn't change. Who Can Carry What this means for you: If you could legally buy a handgun from an FFL dealer yesterday, you can probably carry it today. Same background check standards, just no state licensing requirement. You're out of luck if you have: Felony convictions Domestic violence misdemeanors Active protective orders Federal disqualifiers like drug convictions or mental health adjudications Between the lines: The state basically said "if the feds trust you to own it, we trust you to carry it." Makes sense when you think about it. How to Carry Legally The legal reality: Open carry requires a shoulder or belt holster—no ankle holsters, pocket carry, or tucking it in your waistband and calling it "open carry." Concealed means concealed. No printing, no "oops it showed" moments. What this means for you: Get a proper holster that covers the trigger guard completely. I've seen too many negligent discharges from cheap Uncle Mike's holsters and Serpa retention systems gone wrong. The same prohibited places that applied to LTC holders still apply to everyone: Schools and school events Courthouses and government meetings Bars (51% establishments) Polling places on election day Secured airport areas Racetracks during live events Where the 30.06/30.07 Signs Get Tricky Between the lines: Here's where lawyers make their money. Technically, 30.06 and 30.07 signs only apply to LTC holders. But most prosecutors and many judges will treat them as applying to constitutional carry too. The bottom line: Don't be a test case. If you see the signs, assume they apply to you. Fighting a trespassing charge isn't worth proving a point about statutory interpretation. Private property owners can still kick you out for carrying. Constitutional carry doesn't override property rights or your lease agreement. Why You Might Still Want an LTC What this means for you: Constitutional carry only works in Texas. The moment you cross state lines, you're back to needing reciprocity agreements that only LTC provides. LTC holders also get: Reciprocity with 40+ states Access to some additional locations Legal presumption of lawful carry Streamlined gun purchases (no NICS delay) Plus, having formal training never hurt anyone. I've seen plenty of gun owners who think they know what they're doing until they take a real class. Federal Reality Check The legal reality: Federal property means federal rules. Post offices, VA hospitals, military bases, federal courthouses—all still completely off-limits regardless of what Texas says. Your constitutional carry rights end at the federal building's parking lot. What Cops Need to Know You're not required to announce you're carrying unless asked directly. But cooperation beats confrontation every time. If you get pulled over, keep your hands visible and follow instructions. What this means for you: "Officer, I'm legally carrying a firearm" prevents a lot of problems. Most cops appreciate the heads-up rather than discovering it themselves. Common Mistakes People Make The bottom line: Don't assume constitutional carry changed everything. It didn't. Still can't carry while intoxicated—same rules as driving Can't brandish or display threateningly—that's still aggravated assault Can't carry in rental cars from certain companies—read the fine print Can't ignore "gun-free zone" signs—even if legally meaningless, trespassing charges stick The Training Question Between the lines: Texas said you don't need training to carry. Physics and Murphy's Law disagree. Constitutional carry means you can legally carry without training. It doesn't mean you should. Get training from someone who actually knows what they're doing—not your buddy who was "in the military" or watched YouTube videos. What this means for you: Learn the four basic safety rules, practice drawing from your actual carry setup, and understand when you can legally use that gun. Ignorance isn't a defense when lawyers get involved. Last Updated: 2026-01-15 See Also Texas LTC (License to Carry) Open Carry in Texas Vehicle Carry in Texas Texas Gun Laws Complete Guide 2025 Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've been carrying in Texas since constitutional carry kicked in, has dropping the permit requirement changed how often you actually carry, or were you already doing it regularly?

Reciprocity Bill Advances Amid Administration Backlash House committee advanced the Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (H.R. 38) on March 25, requiring states to recognize out-of-state concealed carry permits—as Trump administration officials face fierce criticism for threatening to jail legal gun owners. The bill would force all states to honor concealed carry licenses from any other state, even those with minimal training requirements or constitutional carry laws. 189 cosponsors have signed on, including 188 Republicans and one Democrat. The legislation has a 37% chance of becoming law according to GovTrack analysis. Why it matters: The push comes as gun rights groups blast the Trump administration for attacking Second Amendment rights following the Minneapolis shooting of Alex Pretti, a licensed concealed carrier. Gun Owners of America called out federal prosecutors who suggested carrying at protests justifies deadly force. The NRA attacked Trump appointee Bill Essayli for "demonizing law-abiding citizens" after he defended the shooting. Multiple Republican congressmen publicly defied U.S. Attorney Jeanine Pirro's threat to jail anyone carrying guns in D.C., even with valid licenses. Between the lines: The timing isn't coincidental—reciprocity supporters are using the administration's missteps to build momentum for federal legislation. Rep. Greg Steube posted "Come and take it!" directly challenging Pirro's enforcement threats. Kentucky Rep. Thomas Massie noted that non-residents can already get D.C. permits, undermining Pirro's legal reasoning. Gun rights groups are demanding action on H.R. 38 to prevent future incidents where legal carriers face prosecution. What the bill would do: The Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act would create a federal framework overriding state-by-state recognition systems. Current patchwork: States can choose which out-of-state permits to honor, creating legal traps for travelers. The bill would require recognition of all state permits and constitutional carry from permitless states. Critics argue it would force strict permit states to accept carriers from states with minimal standards. The contradiction: Trump officials are simultaneously pushing legislation to expand gun rights while justifying the killing of a legal gun owner. The administration sued D.C. in December to overturn rifle restrictions as unconstitutional. Same prosecutors now argue lawful gun possession at protests justifies lethal force. White House press secretary said Americans "absolutely" have Second Amendment rights while defending federal agents who shot an armed citizen. By the numbers: Reciprocity enjoys broad support among gun owners but faces opposition from gun control groups. Three in four Americans oppose permitless carry according to Pew Research. Everytown argues reciprocity would allow "violent criminals, domestic abusers, and convicted stalkers" to carry in restrictive states. Concealed carry permit holders statistically commit crimes at lower rates than police officers. What's next: The bill advances to a full House vote with strong Republican support, though Senate passage remains uncertain. Speaker Johnson has committed to bringing H.R. 38 to the floor this session. The administration's gun rights controversy may actually help build pressure for passage. Legal challenges would likely follow if signed into law, setting up Supreme Court review. The bottom line: The Minneapolis shooting and D.C. threats have inadvertently strengthened the case for national reciprocity by highlighting how current laws criminalize lawful behavior. Go deeper: H.R. 38 bill status and text Everytown opposition arguments Gun rights groups respond to Trump DOJ threats Trump administration Second Amendment controversy Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion How many of you actually travel between states regularly enough that reciprocity would change how you carry, or is it more of a principle thing for you?

Colt CZ Buys Nitrocellulose Maker Colt CZ Group announced it will acquire Czech nitrocellulose producer Synthesia Nitrocellulose in a $1.05 billion deal, securing a critical supply chain component as ammunition demand surges across NATO countries. The Czech firearms manufacturer will buy a 51% stake initially through cash and stock, with an option to acquire the remaining 49% later. The transaction values Synthesia at 22 billion Czech crowns and is expected to close by Q1 2026 pending regulatory approvals. Why it matters: This gives Colt CZ control over one of only three major nitrocellulose producers serving Europe and North America—the key ingredient in smokeless powder for all modern ammunition. Synthesia produces 6,000 tons annually of energetic nitrocellulose, expanding to 7,000 tons soon. Supply constraints have hit the explosives market hard due to surging defense demand from the Ukraine conflict. The deal reduces dependence on China, which supplies over 70% of the cotton linters used to make nitrocellulose. Between the lines: Colt CZ is making a strategic bet on vertical integration as ammunition becomes as valuable as the guns that fire it. The company specifically cited plans to expand into "medium and large-caliber ammunition" production—the heavy artillery rounds in massive demand. NATO countries are scrambling to rebuild ammunition stockpiles depleted by aid to Ukraine. This moves Colt CZ from primarily a small arms manufacturer into the lucrative heavy weapons supply chain. By the numbers: The deal reflects the premium companies will pay for ammunition supply security. $1.05 billion transaction price represents 8.2 times Synthesia's expected 2025 earnings. 40% of the purchase will be paid in new Colt CZ shares, making Synthesia's parent company Kaprain the third-largest Colt shareholder. $66.5 million additional deal for Synthesia's energy division, paid entirely in Colt stock. Synthesia Nitrocellulose was spun off in December 2024 from chemical giant Synthesia a.s., which has supplied energetic materials across Europe for decades. The company operates production facilities at the Semtín and Rybitví industrial complexes in the Czech Republic. Colt CZ Chairman Jan Drahota said the acquisition supports "strategic independence and self-sufficiency of the Czech Republic and NATO countries in defense supplies." The company operates facilities across the US, Canada, Sweden, Hungary, and Switzerland after acquiring the historic American Colt brand in 2021. What this means for you: Ammunition supply chains are consolidating rapidly, which could affect both availability and pricing for civilian shooters. Major manufacturers are prioritizing military and law enforcement contracts over commercial sales. Vertical integration like this deal typically leads to more stable supply but potentially higher prices as competition decreases. Expect continued emphasis on defense production over sporting ammunition in the near term. The nitrocellulose market has faced particular strain due to geopolitical tensions. German defense contractor Rheinmetall's CEO warned last year about over-dependence on Chinese cotton linters, the raw material base for nitrocellulose production. The bottom line: Colt CZ is positioning itself as a full-spectrum ammunition supplier just as NATO countries realize their stockpiles aren't nearly deep enough for sustained conflict. Go deeper: Czech Trade Offices announcement LinkedIn analysis of the deal structure Il Sole 24 Ore coverage of supply chain concerns iTiger financial details Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion With Colt CZ locking up their own nitrocellulose supply chain, do you think we'll see more stable ammo prices and availability, or is this more about them securing their own margins?

Heritage & History Palmetto State Armory (PSA) is an American firearms manufacturer and retailer headquartered in Columbia, South Carolina. Founded in the mid-2000s as an online AR-15 parts shop, PSA has grown into one of the largest direct-to-consumer firearms companies in the United States, specializing in affordable AR-15 rifles, pistols, and components. :::callout PSA's mission is simple and disruptive: put a quality AR-15 in every American's hands for under $500. They've largely succeeded. A PSA complete AR-15 kit for $399 is the reason "budget AR" is no longer a contradiction in terms. The trade-off is real — fit, finish, and customer service aren't Daniel Defense. But the rifles work, and PSA has put more first-time AR owners on the range than any other manufacturer. ::: Key milestones: Mid-2000s — Founded in Columbia, SC as online AR-15 parts retailer Late 2000s — Began manufacturing own receivers, barrels, and complete rifles 2010s — Massive growth during buying surges; expanded manufacturing 2019 — Introduced Dagger pistol (Glock-compatible striker-fired) 2020s — Launched JAKL (short-stroke piston rifle); physical retail stores in SC Present — Manufacturer + retailer; Columbia, SC; AR-15, AR-10, Dagger, JAKL, AK-47 Product Lines AR-15 platform (PSA's core business): Product Line Tier Price Range Key Features PA-15 (basic) Entry-level ~$400-$500 Standard components; A2 or MOE furniture PA-15 (mid-tier) Mid-range ~$500-$700 Free-float handguard; upgraded trigger Sabre Enhanced ~$700-$900 Premium trigger; enhanced BCG; better furniture Build kits (complete) DIY ~$350-$450 Upper + lower + stock kit; just add lower receiver Stripped lowers Component ~$50-$80 Multi-cal marked; standard mil-spec Complete uppers Component ~$200-$500 Various barrel lengths, calibers, and handguards :::callout PSA's $399 AR-15 kit is the most disruptive product in the firearms industry. For less than the cost of a Glock, you get a complete AR-15 — upper, lower, stock kit, and magazine. It won't have the fit and finish of a BCM or Daniel Defense, but it will run. PSA has sold millions of these kits, and they've fundamentally changed the price floor for AR-15 ownership. ::: Beyond the AR-15: Product Type Price Range Notes Dagger Striker-fired pistol (Glock-compatible) ~$300-$400 Takes Glock mags/holsters/sights; full/compact/sub JAKL Short-stroke piston rifle ~$700-$900 PSA's proprietary design; piston-driven AR-10 (PA-10) .308/6.5 CM platform ~$700-$1,000 Budget large-frame AR AK-47 (GF3/GF5) AK-pattern rifle ~$700-$900 Forged trunnion; hammer-forged barrel (GF5) 5.7 Rock 5.7x28mm pistol ~$400-$500 FN Five-seveN alternative at 1/3 the price PSA caliber options (AR-15 platform): Caliber Barrel Lengths Notes 5.56 NATO / .223 7.5", 10.5", 11.5", 14.7", 16", 18", 20" Core offering; widest selection .300 Blackout 7.5", 8.5", 10.5", 16" Popular for suppressed builds .350 Legend 16" Straight-wall hunting states 6.5 Grendel 18", 20" Extended range AR-15 .224 Valkyrie 18", 20", 22" Long-range target Innovation & Technology Innovation Product Impact Budget AR-15 kits All AR platforms Dropped AR-15 entry price below $500 Dagger (Glock-compatible) Dagger series Glock-pattern pistol at ~$300; disrupted budget handgun market JAKL piston system JAKL Proprietary short-stroke piston; AK-like reliability concept GF3/GF5 AK manufacturing PSA AK-47 American-made AK with forged trunnions; addressed US AK quality problems Vertical integration All PSA products In-house manufacturing keeps prices low PSA vs. budget AR competitors: Feature PSA PA-15 Ruger AR-556 S&W M&P15 Sport II Aero Precision Price ~$400-$500 ~$650-$750 ~$650-$750 ~$500-$700 (build) Included features Basic Chrome-lined, F-marked FSB Chrome-lined, forward assist Better fit/finish Customization Massive parts selection Standard Standard Strong parts ecosystem QC consistency Variable Very good Very good Very good Customer service Slow Excellent (Ruger) Good Good Value proposition Cheapest complete AR Best factory budget AR Reliable, proven Best quality/price ratio Community & Reputation Segment Reputation Notes Budget AR buyers Go-to choice "The $400 AR" is synonymous with PSA First-time AR owners Popular entry point Lowest barrier to AR-15 ownership AR builders (DIY) Valued Affordable components; mix-and-match Quality-focused shooters Mixed QC variability is a known issue Glock alternative seekers Growing Dagger offers Glock compatibility at 60% less AK enthusiasts Improving GF5 addressed earlier QC concerns Common praise: Unbeatable pricing — no one sells ARs cheaper Massive selection of parts and configurations Dagger pistol is a genuine Glock alternative at 60% less Frequent sales make already-cheap products even cheaper AK-47 line (especially GF5) has improved dramatically Vertical integration means steady supply even during shortages Common criticism: QC variability — some rifles are perfect, some need work out of box Customer service is notoriously slow (weeks for email responses) Warranty turnaround can take months Fit and finish are budget-tier (tool marks, finish inconsistencies) "You get what you pay for" — premium buyers should look elsewhere Website can be frustrating to navigate during sales Buyer's Guide If You Want... Get This Why Cheapest AR-15 possible PA-15 complete kit (~$400) Lowest cost to AR-15 ownership Better budget AR Sabre (~$800) Enhanced trigger and components; still budget pricing Budget Glock alternative Dagger compact (~$300) Takes Glock mags, sights, holsters; 60% cheaper Budget .308 PA-10 (~$800) Affordable large-frame AR Budget AK GF5 AK-47 (~$800) Forged trunnion; hammer-forged barrel; best American AK value Build your own AR Stripped lower + complete upper Mix and match; upgrade later :::callout Bottom line: PSA democratized the AR-15. A $400 complete rifle that works is a genuine achievement, and the Dagger did the same for Glock-pattern pistols. The trade-off is real: QC is inconsistent, customer service is slow, and fit/finish is budget-tier. If you want a rifle that runs and you'll upgrade over time, PSA is hard to beat. If you want something right out of the box with no surprises, spend more on Aero Precision, Ruger, or S&W. PSA is the IKEA of guns — affordable, functional, some assembly and acceptance of imperfection required. ::: References Palmetto State Armory official site: palmettostatearmory.com Pew Pew Tactical: PSA AR-15 and Dagger reviews The Firearm Blog: PSA product coverage Reddit r/PalmettoStateArmory community discussions AKOU (AK Operators Union): PSA AK-47 testing Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've bought PSA parts or uppers, how have they held up compared to other budget brands you've tried?

Heritage & History Nosler is an American manufacturer of bullets, ammunition, brass, and rifles, founded in 1948 by John Amos Nosler and headquartered in Bend, Oregon. The company built its reputation on a single innovation — the Partition bullet — and has remained family-owned for over 75 years. Nosler is a SAAMI member. :::callout Nosler exists because a bullet failed. In 1946, John Nosler's bullet came apart on a moose in British Columbia — inadequate penetration on a broadside shot. He went home to his garage in Ashland, Oregon, and invented the Partition: a bullet with a copper wall separating two lead cores, so the front expands while the rear drives through. That design, largely unchanged since the 1950s, is still the standard by which hunting bullets are judged. ::: Key milestones: 1948 — Founded in Ashland, Oregon, after John Nosler's bullet-failure hunting experience 1950s — Partition bullet introduced; adopted by hunters and ammunition manufacturers 1978 — Relocated to Bend, Oregon (current headquarters and manufacturing facility) 1989 — Ballistic Tip introduced (polymer-tipped hunting bullet) 2003 — AccuBond bonded-core bullet launched 2000s — Entered loaded ammunition market; began M48 rifle production 2014-2017 — Developed proprietary cartridges: 26, 28, 30, and 33 Nosler Present — SAAMI member; family-owned; Bend, OR; bullets, ammunition, brass, and rifles Product Lines Hunting bullets (Nosler's core business): Bullet Line Construction Weight Retention Best For Key Feature Partition Dual-core, copper partition wall 65-85% Large/dangerous game The original; deepest penetration of any Nosler AccuBond Bonded core, polymer tip 60-70% All-around hunting Bonded accuracy + controlled expansion AccuBond Long Range Bonded core, high-BC profile 60-70% Extended-range hunting Best BC in bonded class Ballistic Tip (Hunting) Lead core, polymer tip, heavy jacket 40-60% Deer-sized game Flat trajectory + rapid expansion Ballistic Tip (Varmint) Lead core, polymer tip, thin jacket Explosive Varmints/predators Maximum fragmentation E-Tip Solid copper, polymer tip 95%+ Lead-free required areas All-copper; California compliant :::callout Partition vs. AccuBond — the Nosler decision tree: Partition for the biggest, toughest animals where you need absolute penetration insurance (elk, moose, bear, African game). AccuBond for everything else — it's more accurate in most rifles, expands more reliably at long range, and handles deer through elk perfectly. When in doubt, AccuBond. When it matters most, Partition. ::: Match and competition bullets: Bullet Line Design Application Notes Custom Competition Boat-tail, hollow point General match/target Solid accuracy; competes with Sierra MatchKing RDF (Reduced Drag Factor) Advanced ogive, boat-tail Long-range precision Highest BCs in Nosler lineup Loaded ammunition: Product Line Bullet Used Tier Application Trophy Grade Partition, AccuBond, or E-Tip Premium hunting Nosler's best hunting loads Ballistic Tip Ammunition Ballistic Tip Mid-tier hunting Good performance, lower cost Varmageddon Varmageddon FB/Tipped Varmint Explosive expansion on small game Match Grade Custom Competition/RDF Competition Match-grade consistency Proprietary cartridges: Cartridge Base Velocity (typical) Notes 26 Nosler Rebated rim magnum ~3,400 fps (129 gr) Flattest-shooting 6.5mm 28 Nosler Rebated rim magnum ~3,125 fps (162 gr) Long-range hunting powerhouse 30 Nosler Rebated rim magnum ~3,200 fps (180 gr) .300 Win Mag+ in standard action 33 Nosler Rebated rim magnum ~2,750 fps (265 gr) Big game at distance Rifles and brass: Product Type Price Range Notes M48 series Bolt-action rifle ~$1,800-$2,500 Controlled-round-feed; multiple configs Nosler Brass Reloading component ~$50-$80/50 ct Tighter tolerances than factory brass; 30+ calibers Innovation & Technology Innovation Year Impact Partition bullet 1948 Invented the dual-core concept; still the penetration standard Ballistic Tip 1989 Pioneered polymer-tipped hunting bullets (alongside Hornady) AccuBond bonding 2003 Bonded core + polymer tip + accuracy AccuBond Long Range 2013 High-BC bonded for 500+ yard hunting E-Tip copper 2009 Lead-free hunting bullet with polymer tip RDF profile 2017 Computer-optimized ogive for minimal drag Nosler cartridge family 2014-17 Rebated rim magnums in standard-length actions Nosler's bullet technology compared: Feature Nosler Partition Nosler AccuBond Barnes TTSX Swift A-Frame Construction Dual-core Bonded core Solid copper Bonded dual-core Weight retention 65-85% 60-70% 95%+ 90%+ Expansion Front only Controlled Petals Controlled Best for Dangerous/large game All-around Lead-free areas Maximum retention Accuracy Good Very good Good Good Price per bullet $$$ $$$ $$$$ $$$$ Community & Reputation Segment Reputation Notes Big game hunters Gold standard Partition is the benchmark; AccuBond is the modern choice Handloaders Premium tier Bullets and brass are reloading favorites Long-range hunters Strong AccuBond LR and Nosler cartridges compete well Match shooters Respected, not dominant RDF competes; Berger and Sierra still preferred African safari Trusted Partition is a PH-recommended bullet for dangerous game Common praise: Partition is genuinely proven — 75+ years of big game performance AccuBond is one of the best all-around hunting bullets available Brass quality is exceptional for handloaders Nosler cartridges deliver impressive velocities in standard actions Family-owned consistency; manufacturing quality is high E-Tip is one of the better lead-free options Common criticism: Premium pricing across all product lines M48 rifles are good but compete against established names (Tikka, Browning) Nosler cartridges burn barrels fast (overbore designs) Match bullets lag behind Berger and Lapua for pure accuracy Trophy Grade ammo is expensive for what you get vs. handloading Buyer's Guide If You Hunt... Buy This Why Deer (all-around) AccuBond Best balance of expansion, penetration, and accuracy Elk/moose/bear Partition Deepest penetration; proven on tough game for 75 years Long range (500+ yards) AccuBond Long Range High BC + bonded core = expansion at distance Varmints/predators Ballistic Tip Varmint or Varmageddon Explosive expansion on small game Lead-free required E-Tip Solid copper; polymer tip; California compliant Competition/target RDF Best Nosler BC; competitive with Berger/Sierra Reloading brass Nosler Brass Tighter tolerances; consistent case capacity Factory hunting ammo Trophy Grade Premium components; consistent lot-to-lot :::callout Bottom line: Nosler is the bullet company that invented the modern hunting bullet. The Partition remains the gold standard for dangerous game, and the AccuBond is one of the best all-around hunting bullets made. If you handload, Nosler bullets and brass are premium components worth the price. If you buy factory ammo, Trophy Grade delivers. The proprietary Nosler cartridges are impressive but overbore — expect 1,500-barrel life on the 26 and 28 Nosler. For most hunters, standard calibers loaded with Nosler bullets deliver 95% of the performance without the barrel penalty. ::: References Nosler official site: nosler.com Nosler company history: "Born from a Bullet Failure" American Hunter: "Behind the Bullet" series on Nosler cartridges Nosler Reloading Guide (published reference data) Handloader community reviews of Nosler components Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion Have you tried any of the newer Nosler loadings, or are you still running their classics like the Partition or Ballistic Tip?

Ninth Circuit Strikes California Open-Carry Ban The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals struck down California's urban open-carry ban Friday, ruling the state cannot prohibit permits in counties with populations over 200,000—covering 95% of Californians. The 2-1 decision in Baird v. Bonta applies the Supreme Court's Bruen standard. Open carry "predates ratification of the Bill of Rights in 1791" and remains legal in over 30 states. California argued it could ban open carry since concealed carry permits are available, but the court rejected this entirely. Why it matters: This creates a direct circuit split with the Second Circuit and puts California's "ban one mode, allow another" approach to carry laws on shaky ground nationwide. "Concealed and open carry are not fungible under the Nation's historical tradition." — Ninth Circuit majority ruling California's own conduct undermines its rural licensing claims. The state admits "no record of even one open-carry license being issued" anywhere. Mark Baird of Siskiyou County couldn't obtain a permit despite living in a county that supposedly allows them. Judge Lee's concurrence noted the state uses "subterfuge" with a 17-page form that "nowhere mentions open carry." Plaintiff Baird framed the issue plainly: "Do we have enumerated rights or don't we? This has less to do with the gun than it does the liberty." Judge VanDyke, writing for the majority, agreed: "Bruen does not permit a state to ban one mode of carry simply because another is allowed." Judge Smith dissented, arguing states should be able to "eliminate one mode so long as it does not ban public carry altogether." This ruling creates tension with the Second Circuit's 2025 Frey v. City of New York decision, which upheld New York's open-carry ban. Circuit splits often draw Supreme Court attention, and the conflict over whether states can eliminate one carry method while allowing another is now ripe for SCOTUS review. What's next: California Attorney General Rob Bonta says his office is "considering its options." The case could go to the full Ninth Circuit en banc Or create enough of a circuit split for Supreme Court review Open carry remains illegal while enforcement continues California's legislature—not courts—must craft any replacement permitting system The bottom line: California can no longer categorically refuse open-carry permits in its major population centers, but the practical impact depends on how local sheriffs and police chiefs respond to permit applications. Go deeper: Full Ninth Circuit decision analysis CNN coverage of the ruling Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion How do you think this ruling might actually play out in practice here in Idaho—does it change how you're thinking about carry options, or does it mainly affect folks dealing with California's restrictions?

Glock Gen6 Quick Stats Specification Value Manufacturer Glock Type Striker-Fired Pistol Caliber 9×19mm Parabellum Capacity 15-17 rounds (model dependent) Barrel Length 4.02-4.49 inches Overall Length 7.44-7.95 inches Weight (Unloaded) 22.5-24.7 ounces Action Type Striker-Fired Year Introduced 2026 Overview The Glock Gen6 represents the latest evolution of the Austrian manufacturer's polymer-framed striker-fired pistol platform, launching in January 2026 with three initial models: G17, G19, and G45. This generation introduces factory optics-ready slides, improved ergonomics with modular grip circumference adjustment, and a flat-faced trigger as standard equipment across all models. While maintaining Glock's signature reliability and simplicity, the Gen6 addresses long-standing criticisms about grip ergonomics and optics mounting. The platform comes standard with features that previously required aftermarket modification, positioning it directly against competitors like the Sig P320 and CZ P-10 series that have captured market share with factory optics-ready configurations. History & Development Glock's Gen6 development began as a response to the rapidly evolving pistol market where optics-ready configurations became the expected standard rather than premium option. The Austrian company faced pressure from military and law enforcement contracts increasingly specifying red dot compatibility out of the box, while civilian shooters gravitated toward competitors offering better ergonomics and optics integration. The Gen6 builds upon lessons learned from the Gen5's front slide serrations and improved trigger, while addressing the grip angle and circumference complaints that have followed Glock pistols since the original Gen1. Unlike previous generations that focused primarily on frame texturing and minor internal improvements, Gen6 represents a more comprehensive redesign approach. Glock's engineering team prioritized maintaining the platform's legendary reliability while incorporating modern features. The optics-ready system uses a proprietary mounting solution designed for durability under high round counts, addressing concerns about some competitors' mounting systems loosening under sustained fire. Initial production focuses exclusively on 9mm models for the U.S. market, with the G49 (a compact model) available in international markets. Glock has indicated additional calibers and frame sizes will follow based on market demand and contract requirements. Technical Specifications Operating System: Short recoil operation with locked breech design using cam-actuated tilting barrel system. The barrel locks into the slide via a single cam pin, identical to previous Glock generations. Feed System: Detachable polymer magazines with steel inserts. Magazine capacities vary by model: G19 (15 rounds), G17 (17 rounds), G45 (17 rounds). Magazines retain backward compatibility with Gen5 and earlier models. Sights: Factory iron sights with option for optics mounting via integrated slide cuts. The optics-ready system accommodates most popular red dot footprints through adapter plates included with each pistol. Safety Features: Three-part Safe Action system identical to previous generations: trigger safety, firing pin safety, and drop safety. No external manual safety or grip safety. Frame Construction: Polymer frame with steel slide rails and trigger mechanism housing. Modular grip system allows circumference adjustment via interchangeable backstraps in two additional sizes beyond the standard medium configuration. Variants & Models • G17 Gen6 - Full-size service pistol, 4.49" barrel, 17-round capacity • G19 Gen6 - Compact pistol, 4.02" barrel, 15-round capacity • G45 Gen6 - Compact slide on full-size frame, 4.02" barrel, 17-round capacity • G49 Gen6 - International market compact model (not available in U.S. initially) Performance Characteristics The Gen6 maintains Glock's reputation for mechanical reliability while offering improved shootability through the flat-faced trigger and enhanced grip ergonomics. The modular backstrap system addresses hand size compatibility better than previous generations, though the fundamental Glock grip angle remains unchanged. Accuracy improvements come primarily from the flat trigger face providing more consistent finger placement and the optics-ready capability allowing precision red dot mounting. Iron sight accuracy remains comparable to Gen5 models, with most shooters achieving 3-4 inch groups at 25 yards from a rest. Recoil management benefits from the improved grip texturing and circumference options, allowing better purchase during rapid fire. The pistols handle +P ammunition without issues, maintaining the platform's reputation for feeding reliability with various bullet weights and profiles. The 9mm models show particular preference for 115-147 grain loads across all major manufacturers. Strengths • Factory optics-ready configuration eliminates aftermarket modification costs • Improved ergonomics through modular grip circumference system • Flat-faced trigger provides more consistent finger placement • Maintains legendary Glock reliability and simplicity • Backward compatibility with existing Glock magazines and holsters • Competitive MSRP at $745 compared to optics-ready competitors • Three magazines included standard (improvement over typical two) Weaknesses • Limited initial caliber availability (9mm only at launch) • Grip angle remains unchanged, may not suit all shooters • Higher price point than previous generation models • Optics mounting system unproven in long-term durability testing • No ambidextrous slide stop (continues Glock's right-handed bias) • Trigger reset remains longer than some striker-fired competitors • Limited model selection compared to established Gen5 lineup Notable Users • Various U.S. law enforcement agencies (adoption pending) • European military and police forces (G49 model) • Competitive shooters in USPSA Production division • Concealed carry permit holders (G19 Gen6) • Military special operations units (evaluation phase) Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've shot a Gen5, what's actually different enough about the Gen6 to make you consider switching, or does it feel more like a refinement than a game-changer?

Staccato HD C4X Debuts Staccato unveiled the HD C4X at SHOT Show 2026, bringing their high-performance HD platform into a compact 4-inch barrel format designed for both duty carry and personal protection. The pistol was co-developed with an elite law enforcement special-surveillance team to meet real-world operational demands. This marks Staccato's serious push into the compact duty market with a pistol that bridges competition guns and practical carry weapons. Why it matters: The HD C4X maintains HD family features—ambidextrous controls, 15-round capacity, HD HOST optic-mounting—while delivering a smaller package for easier concealment. Glock-pattern magazine compatibility keeps logistics simple for agencies. "We set out to create a compact and extremely versatile pistol that can confidently be carried on duty, for personal protection, or both." — Paul Smith, VP Product, Staccato The HD C4X launches February 16 through authorized dealers at $3,499 across three configurations. The 4-inch barrel balances concealability with sufficient velocity, and the platform maintains the 2011's inherent accuracy advantage over striker-fired alternatives. Staccato's expansion comes as the 2011 platform gains wider acceptance beyond competition shooting. The company is positioning as a premium option for professionals wanting race-gun performance in a duty-ready package. At $3,499, it competes with custom shop offerings from traditional manufacturers. Staccato also announced the formation of Staccato Training Group (STG) alongside the pistol launch. Led by Max Michel, newly appointed VP of training and competition, the professional certification program launches spring 2026. It aims to certify U.S.-based firearms and tactical instructors under a unified standard, potentially expanding access to local, certified training nationwide. Specs at a glance: MSRP: Starting at $3,499 Barrel: 4 inches Capacity: 15+1 rounds Features: Ambidextrous controls, Glock mag pattern, HD HOST optic system The bottom line: At $3,499, the HD C4X sits firmly in premium territory, but it offers 2011 platform advantages that traditional striker-fired duty guns can't match. For agencies and individuals prioritizing performance over budget, it could be a compelling option. Go deeper: Staccato HD C4X announcement Best Guns of SHOT Show 2026 Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion Has anyone here made the jump from a traditional duty gun to a 2011 platform, and was the learning curve worth it for you, or would you stick with what you know?

Lane Dominates USPSA Limited Division Crown Mason Lane of Team SIG torched the competition at the 2025 USPSA Race Gun Nationals, claiming the Limited division championship with a dominant 2213.8829 score—a commanding 39-point margin over second place. The October 24-26 event in Hurricane, Utah drew 616 competitors, making it the largest single Nationals in USPSA history. Southern Utah Practical Shooters hosted the match across 19 demanding stages that tested every aspect of practical shooting skills. Why it matters: USPSA Limited division represents the pinnacle of iron-sight competition shooting. Winning by 39 points in a field this size isn't just victory—it's domination. Lane didn't squeak by; he controlled the match from start to finish. His 2024 move to Team SIG's professional roster is paying dividends—elite support meeting elite performance Limited division showcases high-end race guns without optics, testing pure shooting skill Lane stuck with iron sights and made them sing across Southern Utah's rugged terrain The sponsorship deal recognized his existing talent, and this Utah victory proves the partnership works both ways. By the numbers: At 616 shooters, this year's Race Gun Nationals shattered previous attendance records. The 19-stage course demanded consistency across varied shooting challenges, making Lane's 39-point victory margin even more impressive in context. 616 shooters—largest single Nationals in USPSA history 19 stages over 3 days in Hurricane, Utah Lane's 2213.8829 score ranked among top performances across all divisions 39-point margin of victory His ability to maintain that pace through nearly 20 stages speaks to both physical conditioning and mental toughness under pressure. The Team SIG connection runs deeper than equipment support. Lane joined their professional roster in 2024 after building a resume of major national titles and international competition experience. This Limited division crown adds another chapter to what's becoming a standout career. The competition: Other division champions included Christian Sailer taking Open with 2258.4206, Max Leograndis winning Pistol-Caliber Carbine at 2195.1993, Adam Grimm claiming Limited Optics with 2155.3315, and Shane Coley topping Limited 10 at 2274.4803. Christian Sailer: Open, 2258.4206 Max Leograndis: Pistol-Caliber Carbine, 2195.1993 Adam Grimm: Limited Optics, 2155.3315 Shane Coley: Limited 10, 2274.4803 Coley's Limited 10 score actually topped Lane's by about 60 points, but Limited 10's capacity restrictions create different stage strategies. Lane faced the full-capacity Limited field where raw speed and accuracy combine without artificial constraints. What's next: This victory positions Lane as a serious contender heading into 2026's major matches. The combination of Team SIG support and proven match-day performance creates momentum that's hard to stop once it builds. USPSA season builds toward next year's World Shoot His 39-point margin suggests he's hitting peak form at exactly the right time International recognition could follow if this dominance continues Go deeper: Full match results at USPSA website Team SIG information Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion What's it take to consistently dominate at that level—are we talking pure trigger time, specific training methods, or does equipment tuning make the real difference?

ATF Drops Drug User Gun Ban The ATF just rewrote the rules on who can buy guns if they've used drugs. Starting June 30, the agency's new interim final rule drops the blanket ban on anyone who's ever touched marijuana or other controlled substances—replacing it with a narrower standard focused on "compulsive" or "regular" current users. The change comes as the Supreme Court prepares to hear arguments in March on U.S. v. Hemani, a case that could gut the federal drug prohibition entirely. Multiple federal appeals courts have already ruled the current ban unconstitutional under the Bruen decision's historical test. Why it matters: This affects millions of gun owners in the 24 states where recreational marijuana is legal, plus medical marijuana patients nationwide. Under the old rule, checking "yes" on that drug question meant an automatic denial—even for a single joint years ago The new rule redefines a prohibited "unlawful user" as someone "who regularly uses a controlled substance over an extended period of time continuing into the present" Medical marijuana patients get explicit protection if they have a lawful prescription ATF data shows single-incident drug use resulted in about half of all drug-based gun purchase denials last fiscal year Federal courts have been hammering the drug prohibition since Bruen required historical justification for gun restrictions. The Fifth Circuit ruled the ban unconstitutional as applied to nonviolent marijuana users, writing that history "may support some limits on a presently intoxicated person's right to carry" but doesn't "support disarming a sober person based solely on past substance usage." This rule change could restore gun rights to hundreds of thousands of Americans. "A victory for patient access and Second Amendment rights." — Nikki Fried, Florida Democratic Party Chair The ATF is clearly trying to thread the needle before the Supreme Court potentially nukes the entire drug prohibition. By narrowing the rule proactively, they're hoping to preserve some federal authority. The Hemani case presents a less sympathetic defendant—someone accused of using cocaine "every other day"—which may help the government's position. Reactions have been surprisingly bipartisan. The NRA-ILA supported the narrowing while pushing for broader reform, while Everytown argued in court filings that the broad prohibition is "as old as legislative recognition of the drug problem itself." What's next: The interim rule takes effect June 30, but the Supreme Court decision in Hemani could make it irrelevant. If the Court strikes down the drug prohibition entirely, ATF forms might need another rewrite by fall The 30-day comment period could still produce modifications Gun owners should maintain current documentation until the rule is official The bottom line: The ATF blinked before the Supreme Court could force its hand. For millions of gun owners in legal-weed states, that's good news—assuming the rule survives. Go deeper: NRA-ILA: ATF Rewrites Rules for Addicts/Unlawful Drug Users Second Amendment News: Feds propose path to gun ownership Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion For those of you in states with legal cannabis, does this change actually affect how you think about your firearms collection, or was the old rule already pretty much a non-issue for you?

Heritage & History Nighthawk Custom is an American firearms manufacturer specializing in precision-built 1911 pistols, double-stack pistols, revolvers, and shotguns. Based in Berryville, Arkansas, Nighthawk produces some of the finest custom firearms available — one gun, one gunsmith is their defining principle. Nighthawk is a SAAMI member. :::callout Nighthawk Custom's "one gun, one gunsmith" philosophy means each firearm is built from start to finish by a single craftsman. No assembly line, no passing parts between stations. One person hand-fits every component, test-fires the gun, and signs it. This is as close to true bespoke gunsmithing as production allows — and the prices reflect it ($3,500-$7,000+). ::: Key milestones: 2004 — Founded in Berryville, Arkansas 2000s — Established reputation through competition and custom 1911 market 2010s — Expanded beyond 1911s: double-stack pistols, revolvers, Korth partnership 2018 — Partnership with German Korth for revolvers Present — SAAMI member; one gun/one gunsmith; top-tier American custom firearms Product Lines Nighthawk's lineup spans several platforms, all hand-built: 1911 pistols (core business): Model Caliber Size Price Notes Custom Talon .45 ACP / 9mm Full (5") ~$3,500 Entry-level Nighthawk; still fully hand-built T3 .45 ACP / 9mm Compact (Officer) ~$3,500 Carry-sized 1911 GRP (Global Response Pistol) .45 ACP / 9mm Full/Compact ~$3,500-$3,800 Duty/tactical focus Predator .45 ACP / 9mm Full (5") ~$4,000 Enhanced sights, features VIP 9mm Full (5") ~$4,500 Premium finish options President .45 ACP Full (5") ~$5,000+ High-end custom; premium wood Agent 2 9mm / .45 ACP Full (5") ~$4,200 IOS (Intelligent Operating System) trigger Beyond the 1911: Model Type Caliber Price Notes Firehawk Double-stack 1911 9mm ~$4,500 17+1 capacity; Commander-size Korth NXS Revolver .357 Mag ~$5,000+ German Korth partnership; world-class revolver Korth Ranger Revolver .357 Mag ~$5,000+ 6-shot; interchangeable cylinders Overseer Shotgun 12 GA ~$4,500 Custom Remington 870 build :::callout The Korth-Nighthawk revolvers are arguable the finest production revolvers in the world. Built by Korth in Germany to Nighthawk specs, they feature interchangeable caliber cylinders, roller-bearing triggers, and machining tolerances that make a Smith & Wesson Performance Center look mass-produced. At $5,000+, they're not for everyone — but nothing else is in the same class. ::: Innovation & Technology Innovation Application Impact One gun, one gunsmith All models Each firearm built start-to-finish by a single craftsman IOS trigger system Agent 2, select models Intelligent Operating System; enhanced trigger Hand-fitted everything All models Barrel, bushing, slide, frame — all hand-fitted to each gun Match-grade barrels All models Every barrel hand-fitted and accuracy tested Proprietary finishes Various Multiple premium finish options including Cerakote, DLC, nitriding Korth partnership Revolvers Access to German precision revolver manufacturing What "one gun, one gunsmith" means in practice: No assembly line or station-passing Single craftsman responsible for all fitting, assembly, and function Craftsman test-fires the completed firearm Personal accountability for every gun that ships Each pistol includes a test target showing accuracy results Community & Reputation Segment Reputation Notes Custom 1911 connoisseurs Top tier Alongside Wilson Combat as the gold standard Collectors Premium Nighthawks hold/appreciate value well Competitive shooters Respected Excellent accuracy; some competition use LE/military Limited adoption Price prohibitive for institutional buys Luxury buyers Aspirational The "Rolex" of handguns Common praise: Fit and finish are extraordinary — best in the American custom market "One gun, one gunsmith" builds genuine craftsman accountability Accuracy is exceptional out of the box Customer service is responsive and personal Korth revolvers are in a class by themselves Values hold extremely well on the secondary market Common criticism: Prices start at $3,500 and go up from there Lead times can be months for custom orders At $3,500+, the marginal performance gain over a $2,000 Wilson Combat is debatable Overkill for anyone who isn't a dedicated 1911 enthusiast or collector Nighthawk vs. the custom 1911 tier: Maker Entry Price Top Price Character Nighthawk Custom ~$3,500 $7,000+ Boutique luxury; one gun/one gunsmith Wilson Combat ~$3,000 $5,000+ Most refined overall; best all-around Les Baer ~$2,100 $3,200 Accuracy-focused; function over form Ed Brown ~$2,800 $4,500 Balance of beauty and performance Buyer's Guide If You Want... Get This Why Entry to Nighthawk Custom Talon (~$3,500) Full hand-built experience at lowest Nighthawk price Carry 1911 T3 (~$3,500) Compact officer-size; hand-fitted carry gun Tactical/duty GRP (~$3,500-$3,800) Designed for hard use; duty features High-capacity 1911 Firehawk (~$4,500) Double-stack 9mm; 17+1 rounds World-class revolver Korth NXS (~$5,000+) Finest production revolver available Custom shotgun Overseer (~$4,500) Hand-built Remington 870 custom :::callout Bottom line: Nighthawk Custom makes firearms for people who consider a Wilson Combat "not quite enough." One gun, one gunsmith, hand-fitted everything, and prices to match. If you appreciate true craftsmanship and can afford the entry fee, Nighthawk delivers. If you want similar performance at a lower price, Wilson Combat and Les Baer are both excellent — and significantly less expensive. ::: References Nighthawk Custom official site: nighthawkcustom.com Nighthawk Custom/Korth revolver partnership details American Rifleman: Nighthawk Custom reviews 1911Addicts forum: Nighthawk owner discussions Firearm industry custom 1911 market analysis Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've shot a Nighthawk or handled one, how does the hand-fitted quality actually feel compared to other 1911s you've tried—is it worth the premium price tag in your opinion?

Ruger 10/22 The Ruger 10/22 is a .22 Long Rifle semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Sturm, Ruger & Co. since 1964. Designed by William B. Ruger and Harry Sefried, it has become America's most popular rimfire rifle with over seven million units produced. The 10/22 is widely recognized as the definitive training rifle for new shooters and the foundation of competitive rimfire shooting. The rifle features a blowback-operated action, rotary magazine, and modular design that facilitates easy maintenance and customization. Its reputation stems from exceptional reliability, inherent accuracy, and an extensive aftermarket ecosystem. The 10/22's combination of affordability, performance, and adaptability has made it a staple in American gun culture for six decades. The standard configuration features an 18.5-inch barrel, weighs 5 pounds, and measures 37 inches overall. Its 10-round rotary magazine and simple controls make it ideal for training, plinking, and small game hunting. History and Development William B. Ruger and Harry Sefried began developing the 10/22 in the early 1960s to create a reliable, affordable semi-automatic .22 rifle for the civilian market. The design team sought to address common issues with existing rimfire semi-automatics: feeding problems, ejection failures, and complex disassembly procedures. Their solution incorporated a unique rotary magazine, inspired by the Savage Model 99's mechanism, and a simplified blowback action. Sturm, Ruger & Co. introduced the 10/22 in 1964 at a retail price of $54.50. The rifle's modular construction allowed complete field stripping without tools, a significant advantage over competitors. Initial production focused on a single carbine variant with a birch stock and 18.5-inch barrel. The 10/22 achieved commercial success through consistent refinements rather than major redesigns. Ruger introduced synthetic stocks in the 1990s, added rail systems in the 2000s, and continuously expanded barrel and stock options. Production reached one million units by 1984, five million by 2009, and exceeded seven million by 2019. The rifle's success established Ruger's dominance in the rimfire market and influenced numerous competitors to develop similar rotary magazine systems. The 10/22's design philosophy of modularity and user serviceability became industry standard for sporting rifles. Design and Mechanism The 10/22 operates on a straight blowback system optimized for .22 Long Rifle ammunition. Upon firing, chamber pressure drives the bolt rearward against spring tension, extracting and ejecting the spent case while compressing the recoil spring. The bolt's forward return strips a fresh cartridge from the magazine and chambers it for the next shot. The receiver is constructed from aluminum alloy investment castings, providing strength while minimizing weight. The barrel threads into the receiver and is secured by a V-block and barrel band, creating a rigid platform. This three-point attachment system contributes significantly to the rifle's accuracy potential. The signature rotary magazine holds 10 rounds in a helical arrangement around a central spindle. This design eliminates the spring pressure variations common in linear magazines, ensuring consistent feeding throughout the magazine's capacity. The magazine locks into the trigger guard assembly with a simple push-button release. The trigger group forms a self-contained module that drops free from the stock when the trigger guard is removed. This design permits complete cleaning and maintenance without special tools. The standard trigger system features a blade safety and adjustable trigger pull weight through screw adjustments. The bolt incorporates a spring-loaded extractor and a fixed ejector pin. The bolt handle extends from the right side of the receiver and remains stationary during firing. A manual bolt hold-open notch allows inspection of the chamber and facilitates cleaning. Specifications Specification Value Caliber .22 Long Rifle Action Semi-automatic, blowback Capacity 10 rounds (rotary magazine) Barrel Length 18.5 inches Overall Length 37 inches Weight 5 pounds (80 oz) Sights Adjustable rear, gold bead front Feed System Detachable rotary magazine Safety Cross-bolt in trigger guard Stock Material Hardwood (standard) Receiver Material Aluminum alloy Barrel Material Cold hammer-forged steel Variants and Models 10/22 Carbine represents the original configuration with hardwood stock, 18.5-inch barrel, and traditional iron sights. This remains the most popular variant and serves as the baseline for most customization projects. 10/22 Compact features a 16.12-inch barrel and shortened length of pull designed for smaller-statured shooters and youth applications. The reduced dimensions maintain full semi-automatic function while improving handling for new shooters. 10/22 Takedown incorporates a barrel-receiver separation system allowing breakdown into two main components for transport and storage. A threaded interface with locking lever maintains accuracy while enabling rapid assembly and disassembly. 10/22 Target models feature heavy barrels, adjustable stocks, and precision triggers designed for competitive shooting. These variants typically include laminated stocks and specialized sighting systems. 10/22 Tactical configurations include synthetic stocks, rail systems, and flash hiders or muzzle brakes. These models target users seeking AR-15-style ergonomics in a rimfire platform. 10/22 Competition represents Ruger's factory race gun with BX-Trigger, target barrel, and adjustable stock optimized for precision shooting disciplines. Discontinued variants include the 10/22 Sporter with Monte Carlo stock, 10/22 Deluxe with checkered walnut furniture, and various commemorative editions. The 10/22 Magnum chambered in .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire was discontinued due to limited market acceptance. Military and Law Enforcement Use The 10/22 has seen limited official military adoption, primarily in training roles where its low cost, minimal recoil, and reliability provide advantages for marksmanship instruction. Several military academies and ROTC programs utilize 10/22 rifles for basic shooting skills development before transitioning to service rifles. Law enforcement agencies commonly employ 10/22 rifles for training purposes, particularly in budget-conscious departments where ammunition costs favor rimfire cartridges over centerfire alternatives. The rifle's mechanical similarity to AR-15 platforms makes it suitable for teaching fundamental shooting skills. Special operations units occasionally use suppressed 10/22 rifles for specialized applications requiring minimal noise signature and precise shot placement on small targets. The platform's inherent accuracy and extensive suppressor compatibility support these niche requirements. Civilian Use and Applications The 10/22 dominates three primary civilian markets: training, recreational shooting, and small game hunting. Its minimal recoil, low ammunition cost, and forgiving nature make it the preferred choice for introducing new shooters to firearms. Most shooting instructors and gun safety courses rely on 10/22 rifles for basic marksmanship training. Competitive shooting represents a significant application area, with dedicated disciplines like Project Appleseed, NRL22, and various precision rimfire matches built around the platform. The rifle's accuracy potential and modification flexibility allow competitors to develop highly specialized configurations. The aftermarket ecosystem surrounding the 10/22 exceeds that of most firearms. Manufacturers offer replacement triggers, barrels, stocks, bolt assemblies, and complete receiver upgrades. Popular modifications include match triggers reducing pull weight to 2.5 pounds, free-floated target barrels extending effective range beyond 200 yards, and precision stocks with adjustable length of pull and cheek height. Small game hunting applications leverage the 10/22's portability, quick handling, and sufficient power for rabbits, squirrels, and similar game within appropriate ranges. The semi-automatic action provides rapid follow-up shots when needed while maintaining the precision required for clean, ethical kills. Common upgrades include BX-Trigger assemblies for improved trigger pull, Bull barrels for enhanced accuracy, Boyd's laminated stocks for weather resistance, and Kidd innovative design components for match-grade performance. The modular design allows users to incrementally improve performance while maintaining reliability. Cultural Impact The Ruger 10/22 has achieved iconic status as the quintessential American rimfire rifle, influencing firearm design philosophy and establishing expectations for sporting rifle modularity. Its success demonstrated the viability of investment casting for receiver production and popularized user-serviceable modular construction. The rifle's appearance in countless films, television shows, and video games reflects its ubiquity in American gun culture. Its recognition factor rivals more famous firearms like the Colt Single Action Army or Winchester Model 94, representing post-war American manufacturing excellence. Industry influence extends beyond rimfire rifles, with the 10/22's modular philosophy inspiring designs across multiple firearm categories. The concept of drop-in trigger groups, tool-free disassembly, and extensive aftermarket support became standard expectations for modern sporting rifles. The Project Appleseed marksmanship program has trained hundreds of thousands of shooters using primarily 10/22 rifles, cementing the platform's association with fundamental shooting skills and American heritage. This program's success demonstrates the rifle's effectiveness as a training tool and cultural touchstone. See Also Marlin Model 795 Smith & Wesson M&P15-22 Savage Mark II CZ 455 Remington 597 Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've got a 10/22, have you gone down the customization rabbit hole, or do you keep yours mostly stock—and what made you choose either way?

IPSC Shotgun Team USA Announced IPSC-USA announced the Team USA roster for the 2026 Shotgun World Shoot on January 14, 2026. The match takes place in Corinth, Greece, this fall. Why it matters: The World Shoot is the pinnacle of IPSC competition, where qualifiers earned their slots through a demanding multi-match series. The competition will unfold at Corinth Shooting Range, located 80 kilometers from Athens. The event spans nearly two weeks, beginning with a pre-match period and culminating in championship shoot-offs. By the numbers: The timeline is packed. Sept. 21-25 — Pre-Match Sept. 27 — Opening Ceremony Sept. 28 - Oct. 3 — Main Match Oct. 4 — Shoot-Off and Awards Team organizers issued a critical travel warning for competitors: avoid flying through London with firearms. Some competitors have faced arrest attempting this route, making alternative connections essential. The team will gather for dinner on September 25, 2026, at 7 PM—a final moment of unity before competition begins. The bottom line: The roster is set and Greece awaits America's finest shotgun competitors. Go deeper: Action Gunner Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion Anyone here competed in IPSC shotgun matches locally, and if so, what's been your experience comparing it to rifle or pistol competitions?

Heritage & History Marlin Firearms was founded in 1870 in New Haven, Connecticut, by John Mahlon Marlin, making it one of America's oldest firearms manufacturers. The company built its reputation on lever-action rifles — particularly the Model 336 and Model 1895 — which became synonymous with American deer hunting. Now owned by Sturm, Ruger & Company (since 2020), Marlin is a SAAMI member. :::callout Marlin's story has three distinct eras: Original Marlin (1870-2007) produced beloved lever guns with excellent fit and finish. "Remlin" era (2007-2020) under Remington ownership was plagued by QC problems that damaged the brand. Ruger-Marlin (2020-present) has shown significant improvement, with early production earning cautious praise from the lever-action community. ::: Key milestones: 1870 — Founded by John Mahlon Marlin in New Haven, CT 1881 — Enters lever-action rifle market (defining move) 1948 — Model 336 introduced; becomes flagship (still in production) 1972 — Model 1895 reintroduced in .45-70 Government 1983 — Production moves from New Haven to North Haven, CT 2007 — Acquired by Remington ("Remlin" era begins; QC declines) 2020 — Ruger acquires Marlin assets from Remington bankruptcy 2021 — First Ruger-produced Marlins ship; quality improvement evident Present — SAAMI member; manufactured at Ruger facilities; rebuilding reputation Product Lines Marlin's lineup centers on lever-action rifles across rimfire, pistol-caliber, and centerfire: Centerfire lever actions (hunting): Model Caliber Capacity Application Price Notes 336 Classic .30-30 Win 6+1 Deer hunting (woods) ~$700-$900 The iconic American deer rifle 336 Dark .30-30 Win 5+1 Tactical lever action ~$900 Threaded barrel, rail, dark finish 1895 .45-70 Govt 4+1 Big game, bear ~$800-$1,000 Classic big-bore lever gun 1895 SBL .45-70 Govt 6+1 Guide gun ~$1,200 Stainless, laminate, big loop lever 1895 Guide Gun .45-70 Govt 4+1 Brush/bear ~$900 Compact 18.5" barrel 1895 Trapper .45-70 Govt 5+1 Compact ~$1,000 16.1" barrel; shortest .45-70 lever Pistol-caliber lever actions: Model Caliber Capacity Application Price Notes 1894 Classic .44 Mag/.44 Spl 10+1 Hunting, CAS ~$800-$1,000 Share ammo with .44 revolver 1894 CSBL .357 Mag/.38 Spl 7+1 Stainless, big loop ~$1,100 .357 in stainless; versatile 1894 Classic (.357) .357 Mag/.38 Spl 10+1 CAS, hunting, plinking ~$800-$900 Most versatile pistol-caliber lever 1894 (.45 Colt) .45 Colt 10+1 CAS, hunting ~$800-$900 Classic Old West caliber :::callout The Marlin 1895 SBL is "the" bear gun. Stainless steel, laminated stock, big-loop lever for gloved hands, and .45-70 Government — the combination that guides and backcountry hunters trust. It was the lever-action that made the .45-70 relevant again for dangerous game defense. ::: Rimfire: Model Caliber Type Notes Model 39 .22 LR Lever-action Longest-produced rifle in the world (since 1891 design); currently limited production Model 60 .22 LR Semi-auto Affordable, reliable; 14-round tube magazine Innovation & Technology Marlin's innovations are mostly practical improvements to the lever-action platform: Innovation Impact Side ejection Ejects brass to the right (not top like Winchester); allows easy scope mounting Solid-top receiver Flat receiver top; accepts scope bases directly; stronger than open-top designs Cross-bolt safety Modern safety mechanism; reversible; silent operation for hunting Micro-Groove rifling More grooves than traditional; designed for less bullet deformation (controversial — works well for some loads) Stainless steel options Corrosion resistance for guides and harsh-weather hunters Under Ruger ownership (2020+): CNC machining for improved consistency Better wood finishing and metal polishing Improved QC processes addressing "Remlin" era problems Same classic designs with modern manufacturing precision Why side ejection matters: Winchester lever actions eject brass straight up — blocking scope mounting or requiring offset mounts. Marlin's side ejection + solid-top receiver = mount a scope directly over the bore. This is why Marlin lever actions dominate among hunters who use optics. Community & Reputation Segment Reputation Notes Deer hunters Iconic Model 336 in .30-30 = the American deer rifle Bear/big game Very strong 1895 .45-70 is the standard bear lever gun Cowboy action Strong Model 1894 in pistol calibers for CAS competition Collectors Strong (pre-2007) Pre-Remington Marlins are highly valued New buyers Cautiously optimistic Ruger production showing improvement Common praise: Side ejection + solid top = best lever action for scopes Model 336 in .30-30 is arguably the most iconic American hunting rifle 1895 in .45-70 is the definitive bear/dangerous game lever action Ruger-era (2021+) production quality is genuinely improved Smooth lever action; reliable feeding Pistol-caliber models (1894) are excellent for cowboy action shooting Common criticism: "Remlin" (2007-2020) era rifles — poor fit, finish, and reliability; avoid if possible Pre-2007 used rifles often cost MORE than new production (quality premium) Micro-Groove rifling doesn't work well with cast lead bullets (some models) Price increases under Ruger ownership ($700-$1,200 vs. $500-$800 previously) Limited rimfire production (Model 39 availability sporadic) Tube magazine = no pointed bullets (except Hornady LEVERevolution) Marlin production era guide: Era Years Quality What to Look For Original New Haven 1870-1983 Excellent JM proof mark; collector premium North Haven 1983-2007 Good to very good JM proof mark; still desirable "Remlin" 2007-2020 Poor to mixed REP proof mark; inspect carefully before buying Ruger-Marlin 2021+ Good (improving) Ruger-serialized; early reviews positive Buyer's Guide Which Marlin should you buy? If You Want... Get This Why The iconic deer rifle 336 Classic (.30-30) The American woods rifle; 100+ years of proven performance Bear defense / guide gun 1895 SBL (.45-70) Stainless, big loop, .45-70 — the standard Big bore on a budget 1895 Standard (.45-70) Same .45-70 power, less expensive than SBL Cowboy action shooting 1894 Classic (.357) 10-round capacity, pairs with .357 revolver Pistol-caliber versatility 1894 (.44 Mag) More power than .357; still share with revolver Tactical lever action 336 Dark Threaded barrel, optic-ready, modern aesthetic Rimfire lever action Model 39 (used) Best .22 lever action ever; limited new production Buying tips: Avoid 2007-2020 production ("Remlin") unless inspected and priced accordingly Pre-2007 used rifles are excellent but command premium prices Ruger-era (2021+) production is the safest new-purchase bet Look for proof marks: "JM" = original Marlin (good); "REP" = Remington era (inspect carefully) Budget for a scope: Marlin's side ejection is designed for optics; take advantage of it Marlin vs. Henry (the lever-action showdown): Feature Marlin Henry Side ejection (scope-friendly) Yes (standard) No (most models) Loading gate Yes (standard) Added recently (not all models) Ruggedness More robust; steel receivers Brass receivers scratch easily Fit and finish (new) Good (Ruger era) Excellent Action smoothness Good Smoother out of the box Price $700-$1,200 $350-$1,200 Historical pedigree 150+ years of real history Founded 1996 :::callout Bottom line: Marlin makes the most practical lever-action rifles in America. The 336 in .30-30 is THE deer rifle. The 1895 in .45-70 is THE bear gun. Side ejection makes them the best lever actions for scopes. Under Ruger ownership, quality is returning. If you want a working lever gun that will handle hard use in the woods, Marlin is the brand — just avoid the 2007-2020 "Remlin" production. ::: References Marlin Firearms official site: marlinfirearms.com Guns & Ammo: "Celebrating 150 Years of Marlin Firearms" Field & Stream: Marlin 336 Classic review American Rifleman: Marlin history and Ruger-era production analysis Marlin Owners forum: production era identification guides Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion If you've owned a Marlin lever gun, did you run into any of those QC issues people talk about, or did yours run solid out of the box?

Heritage & History MidwayUSA is one of the largest online firearms and shooting sports retailers in the United States, headquartered in Columbia, Missouri. Founded in 1977 by Larry and Brenda Potterfield, the company started in their basement selling reloading supplies and has grown into a major e-commerce retailer with over 100,000 products. :::callout Larry Potterfield is one of the most recognized figures in the shooting sports industry — NRA board member, competitive shooter, and founder of the MidwayUSA Foundation that funds youth shooting teams nationwide. MidwayUSA's growth from a basement reloading supply business to a 100,000+ product retailer is one of the great success stories in firearms e-commerce. ::: Key milestones: 1977 — Larry and Brenda Potterfield start MidwayUSA in their basement; reloading supplies 1980s-90s — Expanded to gunsmithing tools, accessories, hunting gear; catalog-based Late 1990s — Early internet adopter; transitioned to primarily online sales 2000s — Grew to major online retailer; 100,000+ products Present — Columbia, MO headquarters; multiple warehouses; MidwayUSA Foundation supports youth shooting Shopping Guide MidwayUSA is online-only (no retail stores): Aspect What to Expect Channel Online only (midwayusa.com) Headquarters Columbia, Missouri Products 100,000+ firearms, ammo, reloading, optics, accessories Firearms shipping Ships to your FFL dealer; standard federal process Return policy 60 days for most items; restrictions on firearms/ammo Promotions Regular sales, especially during hunting season and holidays What MidwayUSA does well: Massive selection of reloading components, gunsmithing tools, and accessories Competitive pricing, especially during sales Fast shipping on in-stock items (1-3 business days) Detailed product specs and user reviews on most items Strong support for youth shooting programs (MidwayUSA Foundation) What MidwayUSA doesn't do well: Customer service has declined (common complaint in recent reviews) Inventory accuracy issues ("in stock" items sometimes backordered) Automated chat systems frustrate users seeking real help Technical support is limited compared to Brownells Some complaints about return process speed :::callout MidwayUSA vs. Brownells: Both are major online firearms retailers. MidwayUSA has broader inventory and often better pricing. Brownells has better technical support, educational content, and customer service. For pure purchasing (you know what you want), MidwayUSA is often cheaper. For research and support, Brownells is usually better. ::: Selection & Inventory MidwayUSA's 100,000+ product catalog covers virtually everything in the shooting sports: Category Brands/Selection Strength Reloading components Hornady, Sierra, Nosler, Speer, Hodgdon, IMR, Vihtavuori Core strength; deep inventory Gunsmithing tools Brownells, Wheeler, Lyman, RCBS Comprehensive selection Firearms Ruger, S&W, Glock, Savage, Remington, Winchester Good selection; ships to FFL Ammunition All major brands Competitive pricing; availability fluctuates Optics Leupold, Vortex, Nikon, Bushnell, Trijicon Budget through high-end Reloading equipment RCBS, Lee, Hornady, Redding, Dillon Full press and die selection Cleaning supplies All major brands Deep inventory Shooting accessories Targets, hearing protection, bags, rests Comprehensive Inventory notes: In-stock items ship fast (1-3 business days typically) "In stock" status can be inaccurate — verify for critical purchases Reloading components fluctuate with market availability Sales and promotions can offer significant savings Hazmat shipping fees apply to powder and primers Service & Support Aspect Quality Notes Order fulfillment Good (in-stock) Fast for items actually in warehouse Inventory accuracy Mixed "In stock" sometimes means backordered Phone support Declining Long wait times; knowledge varies Chat support Poor Automated; often unhelpful Email support Adequate Slower but may get better answers Technical knowledge Limited Functional for orders; limited for reloading/gunsmithing advice Returns Standard 60 days; some items restricted; processing can be slow When MidwayUSA is the right choice: You know exactly what you want and are comparing prices You're buying reloading components or gunsmithing tools You want the widest selection from one retailer Price is more important than customer service When other options might be better: You need technical support or product guidance (Brownells) You want a physical store experience (Scheels, Sportsman's Warehouse) You want the absolute lowest ammo prices (SGAmmo, Lucky Gunner) You want specialty optics with expert advice (EuroOptic) You want guaranteed inventory accuracy (call before ordering critical items) :::callout Bottom line: MidwayUSA remains one of the most comprehensive online retailers for shooting sports. The selection and pricing are strong, especially for reloading supplies and accessories. But the customer service reputation has slipped in recent years — if you need support or guidance, Brownells may be a better choice. For straightforward purchases where you know what you want, MidwayUSA is hard to beat on selection. ::: References MidwayUSA official site: midwayusa.com MidwayUSA Foundation (youth shooting programs) Consumer reviews: Trustpilot, BBB, Reddit r/guns Ammunition Depot: MidwayUSA retailer review Read the original article in The Handbook | By Boise Gun Club Editorial Team Join the Discussion Have you noticed any changes in MidwayUSA's service or inventory lately, and would it affect where you shop for your ammo and gear?

H&N Cup Munich: Norway Leads Medal Count Norway topped the medal count at the 2026 H&N Cup in Munich, claiming five gold medals as the prestigious air gun competition wrapped up January 25. Germany and Serbia each followed with four golds in the season's first major international shooting event. The competition drew over 700 competitors from more than 55 nations to Munich's historic 1972 Olympic Shooting Range, setting the stage for what promises to be an intense 2026 ISSF season. Why it matters: The H&N Cup serves as the first major "stress test" for Olympic-level competitors each year, giving athletes and coaches an early read on form and competition heading into the season. Serbia's pistol shooters emerged as the dominant force across multiple events. Zorana Arunovic captured the women's air pistol title, while Damir Mikec secured the men's championship, showcasing the depth of Serbia's pistol program. By the numbers: The competition's scale was impressive. 700+ competitors from around the world 55+ nations represented 5 days of competition from January 21-25 13 total medal events contested Italy also made its mark in junior competition, with Sara Tomaello taking gold in the junior women's air pistol event. The strong international showing across age groups highlighted the global depth in air gun competition. "This event gives us our first real look at where everyone stands heading into the new season. The competition level was exceptionally high." — Tournament Director (via Hard Air Magazine) The Munich venue, which hosted shooting events during the 1972 Olympics, provided a fitting backdrop for the international competition. Athletes competed across both senior and junior categories in air pistol and air rifle events. The bottom line: Serbia's pistol dominance and Norway's overall medal success signal strong early-season form as the 2026 ISSF circuit officially gets underway. Go deeper: Hard Air Magazine Read the original article in The Handbook | By Steve Duskett Join the Discussion Are any of you competing in or planning to attend international shooting competitions like the H&N Cup, or is that more of a bucket-list thing for most folks here?